Study on characteristics and genesis of high-localition loess landslide
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摘要: 高位黄土滑坡具有高势能、突发性、隐蔽性、滑动速度迅速、威胁范围广、破坏冲击能力强等特点，破坏形式多为摧毁和压埋为主，是黄土地区防灾减灾、工程治理棘手难题。不同的地形地貌类型、地层岩性、水文地质条件、地质构造等对滑坡形成都具有本质上的差异。结合天水市麦积区大沟和平凉市静宁县仁大镇高位黄土滑坡典型实例，通过工程地质调绘、工程地质勘查、无人机高精度航测等技术手段，从空间分布、滑坡特征、成因、运动机理、成灾特点等方面进行了系统研究，结果表明，根据地形地貌归属可分为坡面型和沟谷型高位黄土滑坡，其中平凉市静宁县仁大镇滑坡属于坡面型，以“土浪”的形式运动，在运动时间上与滑坡启动具有同周期性和连续性，运动速度迅速，运动顺序为滑体脱离母体→土体滑动→土体堆积；天水市麦积区大沟属于沟谷型，以泥流的形式进行运动，滑坡滑动与堆积体启动在时间上具有一定的滞后性，速度相对前者较缓慢，运动顺序为滑体脱离母体→土体堆积→土体滑动→淤积，其运动、堆积特点和黏性泥石流基本相似。Abstract: High-localition loess landslide have the characteristics of high potential energy, suddenness, concealment, rapid sliding speed, wide threat range, and strong destructive impact capacity. The main forms of damage are destruction and burial, making them a difficult problem for disaster prevention, reduction, and engineering governance in loess areas. Different landform types, stratum lithology, hydrogeological conditions and tectonics have essential differences in landslide formation. Based on typical examples of high-altitude loess landslides in Dagou, Maiji District, Tianshui City, and Renda Town, Jingning County, Pingliang City, a systematic study was conducted through technical means such as engineering geological mapping, engineering geological exploration, and high-precision drone aerial surveys from the aspects of spatial distribution, landslide characteristics, causes, motion mechanisms, and disaster characteristics. The results showed that according to the classification of terrain and topography, high-localition loess landslide can be divided into slope type and valley type, Among them, the landslide in Renda Town, Jingning County, Pingliang City belongs to the slope type, moving in the form of “soil waves”, with the same periodicity and continuity as the landslide initiation in terms of movement time. The movement speed is rapid, and the movement sequence is as follows: the sliding body separates from the parent body, the soil slides, and the soil accumulates; The Dagou in Maiji District, Tianshui City belongs to a valley type and moves in the form of mud flow. The sliding of landslides and the initiation of accumulation bodies have a certain lag in time, and the speed is relatively slow compared to the former. The movement sequence is as follows: the sliding body separates from the parent body → soil accumulation → soil sliding → sedimentation, and its movement and accumulation characteristics are basically similar to those of viscous debris flows.
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Key words:
- high-localition /
- Loess landslide /
- Accumulation body /
- Slope surface /
- Gully /
- Mudflow
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图 2 滑坡区地形地貌、地层岩性影像图
Figure 2. Landform and formation lithology image of landslide area
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