Summary and consideration of the construction of the Haining cave topographic deformation platform
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摘要: 海宁硖石地震台（山洞地形变台）位于浙江海宁市硖石街道西山公园人防山洞内，该台在建设过程中，一是面临岩石体质量差的问题。在洞室地面下挖至2 m以上深度，岩石依旧呈现多气孔且破碎的状态；二是面临洞室湿度高的问题（>95% Rh）。最终在不可能采用岩石墩建台的情况下，通过浇筑大面积混凝土仪器墩，并对洞室环境进行改造，降低洞室湿度，做到保温、恒湿，改善观测环境。至今，该台已有十多年的运行时间，从目前情况看，台站观测数据平稳连续，固体潮清晰，达到了台站改造的预期效果。本文通过总结海宁硖石地震台在改造过程中取得的经验，为在一些不具备建造岩石墩的人防、民用山洞内，建设地形变观测台，提供借鉴。Abstract: Haining Xiashi Seismic Station ((Cave topographic deformation observation Station) is located in the civil air defense cave in Xishan Park, Xiashi Street, Haining City, Zhejiang Province. During the construction of the station, the first problem is the poor quality of rock mass. When the tunnel is excavated to a depth of more than 2 m below the ground, the rock is still porous and broken; The second is the problem of high chamber humidity (>95% Rh). Finally, in the case that it is impossible to use rock pier to build the platform, the large area concrete instrument pier is poured and the cavern environment is transformed to reduce the humidity of the cavern, achieve thermal insulation and constant humidity, and improve the observation environment. So far, the station has been in operation for more than ten years. From the current situation, the observation data of the station is stable and continuous, and the solid tide is clear, which has achieved the expected effect of the station transformation. This paper summarizes the experience gained in the reconstruction process of Haining Xiashi Seismic Station, and provides reference for the construction of topographic deformation observation stations in some civil air defense and civil caves without rock piers.
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Key words:
- Cave /
- Topographic deformation /
- Observation /
- Reconstruction /
- Experience
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图 1 台站所在人防山洞示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of civil air defense cave where the station is located
图 4 SSQ-2石英水平摆倾斜仪整点值数据月分量图(2011年5月1日至2011年5月30日，单位 ms)
Figure 4. Monthly component diagram of whole point data of SSQ-2 quartz pendulum tiltmeter (Unit: ms from May 1, 2011 to May 30, 2011)
图 5 VP-1垂直摆倾斜仪记录到的2023年2月6日土耳其两次M7.8地震震波
Figure 5. Two M7.8 earthquake waves recorded by VP-1 vertical pendulum tiltmeter in Türkiye on February 6, 2023
表 1 海宁台SSQ-2石英水平摆倾斜仪2010年精度计算结果表
时间 NS EW γ因子 中误差 海潮改正 相对噪声 γ因子 中误差 海潮改正 相对噪声 2010-01 0.7679 0.0171 0.0143 0.0084 1.4659 0.0174 0.0079 0.0081 2010-02 0.7385 0.0401 0.0335 0.0143 1.3995 0.031 0.0141 0.0072 2010-03 0.7328 0.0481 0.0402 0.0182 1.4408 0.0326 0.0148 0.0136 2010-04 0.7168 0.0411 0.0343 0.0098 1.4639 0.0385 0.0175 0.0073 2010-05 0.8561 0.0244 0.0204 0.0034 1.5655 0.0227 0.0103 0.0055 2010-06 0.9646 0.0353 0.0295 0.0056 1.5879 0.0327 0.0148 0.0050 2010-07 / / / / 1.6019 0.0367 0.0166 0.0060 2010-08 0.9466 0.0390 0.0326 0.0095 1.6223 0.0223 0.0101 0.0070 2010-09 0.9158 0.0316 0.0264 0.0069 1.6485 0.0240 0.0109 0.0062 2010-10 0.9099 0.0257 0.0215 0.0057 1.6012 0.0194 0.0088 0.0054 2010-11 0.8549 0.0244 0.0204 0.0042 1.5715 0.0147 0.0067 0.0057 2010-12 0.8198 0.0305 0.0255 0.0070 1.5473 0.0241 0.0109 0.0081 备注：2001年07月NS向因仪器出现故障，缺数据。 
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表 2 SSQ-2石英水平摆倾斜仪2010年和VP-1垂直摆倾斜仪2022年精度计算结果
Table 2. Precision Calculation Results of SSQ-2 Quartz Horizontal Pendulum at Haining Station in 2010 and VP-1Vertical Pendulum Tiltmeter in 2022 倾斜
时间 SSQ-2石英水平摆倾斜仪 VP-1垂直摆倾斜仪 NS EW NS EW γ因子 中误差 γ因子 中误差 γ因子 中误差 γ因子 中误差 1月 0.7679 0.0171 1.4659 0.0174 0.822 0.0156 1.5726 0.0108 2月 0.7385 0.0401 1.3995 0.031 0.7713 0.0208 1.549 0.0208 3月 0.7328 0.0481 1.4408 0.0326 0.8624 0.0402 1.6075 0.0318 4月 0.7168 0.0411 1.4639 0.0385 0.8384 0.0286 1.5913 0.0213 5月 0.8561 0.0244 1.5655 0.0227 0.8926 0.026 1.6496 0.0142 6月 0.9646 0.0353 1.5879 0.0327 0.9613 0.0283 1.6919 0.0218 7月 / / 1.6019 0.0367 1.0471 0.0263 1.7091 0.0208 8月 0.9466 0.0390 1.6223 0.0223 0.9894 0.0251 1.653 0.0191 9月 0.9158 0.0316 1.6485 0.0240 0.9931 0.0224 1.7145 0.0305 10月 0.9099 0.0257 1.6012 0.0194 0.8897 0.0287 1.6114 0.0271 11月 0.8549 0.0244 1.5715 0.0147 0.901 0.0218 1.6298 0.0177 12月 0.8198 0.0305 1.5473 0.0241 0.7372 0.0201 1.5646 0.0147 均值 0.8385 0.0324 1.5430 0.0263 0.9821 0.0253 1.6286 0.0208 备注：2001年07月NS向因仪器出现故障，数据缺失，无计算结果。
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