Abstract: Through comprehensive analysis and judgment on the observation environment, instrument operation and output data quality of the FHD-2B component proton magnetometer at Shaowu seismic station affected by human interference, external factors, instrument interference, background noise, magnetic field gradient and many other aspects, the specific ideas and working methods to solve the problems are put forward, and good results are achieved. The observation environment of the instrument and the operation rate of the observation instrument are improved for the geomagnetic station. It is of great significance to improve the quality of geomagnetic observation data.