Noise fault analysis of FHD proton vector magnetometer:Taking Suqian geomagnetic station as an example
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摘要: 针对宿迁台FHD型质子矢量磁力仪观测数据从2020年4月28日出现噪声增大问题,我们通过对仪器参数设置、观测环境、观测仪器、运行状况分类逐一进行检查、排查与分析,确认FHD仪器主机发生故障。故障原因为仪器补偿电流电路中的电容器件老化被击穿,检修更换器件得以解决。经检修后,该仪器观测数据磁偏角D、水平分量H和垂直分量Z的计算平均噪声由故障时的1.19′、1.45 nT、1.58 nT降低为0.82′、0.32 nT、0.50 nT,各分量噪声水平获得了明显的改善。通过对地磁仪器和外部观测环境问题的分类检查、检测与判断,并对查明引起数据噪声增大原因归类总结,为地磁台站查找分析数据噪声变大主要原因提供一种科学有效的检测方法。Abstract: In this paper we analyzed the increased noise in the observation data of FHD proton vector magnetometer at Suqian station from April 28, 2020. After we checked and analyzed the instrument parameter settings, observation environment, instrument and operation conditions, the failure of FHD instrument is confirmed. The capacitor in the instrument compensation current circuit was broken down due to aging, and we solved the problem by replacing the faulty capacitor. After the repairmen, the calculated background noise of magnetic declination D, horizontal component H and vertical component Z decreased from 1.19′, 1.45 nT, 1.58 nT to 0.82′, 0.32 nT, 0.50 nT, and the noise quality of each component had been significantly improved. Through the inspection, detection and judgment of geomagnetic instruments and external observation environmental problems, we summarize the reasons for the noise fault. This paper provides a scientific and effective detection method for geomagnetic stations to find and analyze the main reason for the data noise problems.
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Key words:
- geomagnetic observation /
- FHD instrument /
- data noise /
- failure analysis
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表 1 FHD型质子矢量磁力仪基本信息表
Table 1. FHD geomagnetic instrument basic information
仪器名称 型号 生产厂家 数量/台 观测要素 观测精度 分辨率/nT 记录方式 投入观测起止时间 质子矢量
磁力仪FHD-2B 江苏省
地震局1 F
H
DF≤±0.3 nT
H≤±0.6 nT
D≤0.1′0.1 自动记录
(1次/min)2012-12—2020-10 表 2 宿迁台2020年1—5月台站噪声与台网背景噪声情况
Table 2. Background noise of Suqian station and network from January to May 2020
时间 宿迁台数据噪声 台网平均背景噪声 D/′ F/nT H/nT Z/nT D/′ F/nT H/nT Z/nT 2020-01 0.77 0.25 0.36 0.39 0.50 0.25 0.39 0.37 2020-02 0.71 0.24 0.42 0.40 0.52 0.25 0.39 0.40 2020-03 0.71 0.21 0.44 0.44 0.57 0.25 0.42 0.42 2020-04 0.79 0.22 0.47 0.43 0.57 0.25 0.41 0.41 2020-05 1.19 0.24 1.45 1.58 0.62 0.25 0.44 0.43 表 3 FHD仪器噪声数据表现、原因分析及解决方法列表
Table 3. List of performance, cause analysis and solution of FHD instrument noise data
数据表现 原因分析 解决方法 总场正常,水平分量和磁偏角不正常 ① 调谐值是否异常 通过网络恢复仪器的缺省参数 ② 补偿电流电路或补偿线圈故障 检查补偿电流输出,排除补偿线圈故障后,一般为补偿电流电路中的电容器件损坏所致,更换电容器件 总场和水平分量正常,磁偏角不正常 ① 合成磁场调谐值是否异常 通过网络恢复仪器的缺省参数 ② 偏置电流电路或偏置线圈故障 检查偏置电流正、反输出,偏置电流电路中的电容或MAX313损坏所致,更换器件 ③ 观测方位角偏离 检查线圈或探头安装方位角是否偏离或反向,进行方位调整 观测数据曲线出现台阶变化 ① 磁暴 省内多台站数据同时段对比检查 ② 高压直流 省内多台站数据同时段对比检查 ③ 观测方位角偏差 检查线圈或探头安装方位角是否偏离或反向,进行方位调整 ④ 输出补偿电流和偏置电流的线路漏电 检查补偿电流输出,检查偏置电流正、反输出是否正常,更换补偿线,重新布设线路 观测数据均为零 ① 硬件故障或接触不良 检查主机的硬件故障或拧紧各类松动连线及接插件 所有测项不正常 ① 调谐值异常 通过网络恢复仪器的缺省参数 ② 接地电阻 接地要求:小于4 Ω(多点检测) ③ 交流电磁干扰 检查强弱电线路布设,避免交叉缠绕,检查仪器集成情况 ④ 接地不良、漏电 保持观测记录室干燥,拧紧松动接地线连接点 ⑤ 磁性物质影响 观测环境排查,移走周围出现剧增铁金属物件 某个测项不正常 ① 温度原因 电感电容值偏离过大,调整探头电感量或更换探头 -
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