The progress of the research on economic resilience to earthquake disasters
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摘要: 韧性是当今自然灾害防御的重要议题，其中地震影响下的社会经济韧性评价具有代表性，也是国际上区域自然灾害影响经济韧性研究领域的前沿热点。本文旨在梳理总结地震影响下的经济韧性的研究成果。首先，总结生态环境韧性、社会韧性、工程韧性及经济韧性的基本概念，包括韧性定义及韧性维度；从经济韧性概念、经济韧性测度、经济影响分析框架3个方面总结了地震影响的经济韧性的相关成果，为我国自然灾害社会经济影响评价和我国社会经济对自然灾害抗御能力的提升提供借鉴和参考。Abstract: In the past few years, the importance of economic resilience has been highlighted under the topic of natural disease protection. With socio-economic resilience to earthquake disaster being a buzzword, the research on economic resilience to earthquake disaster is representative. This article aims to summarize the progress of research on economic resilience to earthquake disasters. First, the basic concepts, definition and the analyzing dimensions of ecological resilience, social resilience, engineering resilience, and economic resilience are summarized. Then, the academic progress of economic resilience to earthquake disasters through three aspects: economic resilience concept, economic resilience measurement, and economic impact evaluation framework, are summarized. Hopefully, this article may contribute to further academic research of economic resilience to earthquake disasters and improvement of China’s economic resilience when facing natural diseases.
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表 1 生态环境学、社会学、工程学、经济学和灾害学等领域中韧性的定义
Table 1. Definition of resilience in the field of environmental science，sociology，engineering，economics and disaster science
作者/组织 定义及主要观点 Holling[4] 生态韧性是指系统具有持续抵抗外界变化和扰动的能力，减轻外界影响，并使人口和状态变量的关系保持不变。系统稳定性描述系统经过短暂扰动后能够恢复到原来的状态 Timmerman[5] 借用韧性概念反映在灾害事件影响下系统或部分系统的承受能力及恢复能力 Mileti[6] 在极端事件下使社区遭受的影响控制在可接受水平，其特征包含社区未遭受毁灭性破坏、生产和生活质量没有下降、不需要大规模的社区外援等 Adger[7] 将生态韧性拓展到社会学领域，社会系统韧性是指人群及社区具有应对由社会、政治及环境变化引起的外在压力和和冲击的能力 Resilience Alliance[8] 生态系统韧性是指在受到外界冲击时系统能够承载外界冲击，系统状态没有失稳。具有韧性的生态系统能够承载外界的冲击并可进行必要的修复。社会-生态系统韧性是指系统具有从过去经验中吸取教训并进行防灾规划的能力 Bruneau等[9] 系统韧性是指减小地震破坏的可能性，具有减小地震灾害影响的能力，具有快速恢复到正常状态的能力。提出韧性特征（4R）：稳健性、冗余性、快速恢复能力、资源可调配性。从技术、组织、社会及经济4个维度分析韧性特征。提出恢复时间量化计算方法 联合国国际减灾
战略（UNISDR）[1]自然灾害韧性：系统、社区和社会具有抵抗外界冲击影响的能力，可保持结构特征和功能仍在可接受水平内。社会系统具有自组织能力和提升其抗御灾害的能力，从以往灾害经验中吸取教训的能力，改进减灾对策，提升灾害防御能力 Rose[10] 区域经济韧性是指公司和区域本身具有对灾害冲击的响应能力，即个体和经济体在灾害发生时及发生后采取主动应对措施，避免潜在的最大损失。提出静态经济韧性和动态经济韧性的概念及其度量方法 
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