Overview of worldwide earthquake disasters in 2020
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摘要: 利用多方收集到的地震灾害资料，对2020年全球地震活动及地震灾害进行了整理，绘制了近20年全球灾害地震频度与伤亡情况变化曲线及2020年灾害地震分布图，描述了造成人员伤亡的地震信息及灾害情况，对重大地震灾害事件做了详细分析，并总结了2020年地震灾害的主要特征。与往年全球地震相比，2020年全球地震活动性较弱，6级以上强震发生频次大幅减少；2020年地震灾害造成的伤亡为本世纪最低，且灾害地震呈现频度低、伤亡小、重大灾害线性分布等特征。针对地震频度低、伤亡集中情况，本文提出了相应的地震灾害预防措施及建议，强调了未来的监测预报与震害防御工作至关重要。Abstract: Based on the earthquake disaster data collected worldwide, this paper sorts out the global seismic activity and disasters in 2020. Plotting the global earthquake disaster curves in recent 20 years and distribution map of hazard earthquakes in 2020, and summarizing the main characteristics of seismic disasters which contain earthquake disaster information and detailed analysis in 2020. Compared with the previous global earthquakes, it is found that the seismicity in 2020 is weak, and the frequency of strong earthquakes with magnitude 6 or above will decrease greatly. In 2020, the earthquake casualties are the lowest in this century, and characterized by low frequency, minor casualties and linear distribution of major disasters. According to the situation of low earthquake frequency and concentrated casualties, this paper puts forward corresponding measures and suggestions for earthquake disaster prevention, which emphasizes that the earthquake monitoring, prediction and prevention work are crucial to the future.
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Key words:
- 2020 /
- global earthquake /
- disaster situation /
- preventive measures
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图 1 2001—2020年灾害地震频次及伤亡人数统计图
Figure 1. Statistics of disaster earthquake frequency and casualties between 2001 and 2020
表 1 2020年全球有人员死亡的灾害地震一览
Table 1. List of global earthquake disasters with death in 2020
发震时刻（UTC） 纬度 经度 震源深度/km 震级
（M）参考地点 灾情辑要 年-月-日T时:分:秒 2020-01-07 T08:24:25 17.869°N 66.827°W 9 6.4 波多黎各 3人死亡，8人受伤，大部分岛屿和包括教堂在内的许多建筑物停电，南部地区形成塌陷 2020-01-10 T22:26:25 17.935°N 66.883°W 9 5.2 波多黎各 1人死亡，一些建筑物倒塌，部分地区停电 2020-01-19 T13:27:56 39.835°N 77.108°E 6 6.0 中国新疆 1人死亡，2人受伤，地震震感强烈，造成部分房屋墙体开裂，居民跑到街道上避险 2020-01-24 T17:55:14 38.431°N 39.061°E 10 6.7 土耳其 41人死亡，1631人受伤，地震产生大范围破坏，大约30栋建筑物倒塌，81栋严重损坏，数十人被碎石所埋，并引发火灾 2020-02-23 T05:53:01 38.447°N 44.417°E 10 5.8 伊朗 10人死亡，141人受伤，一些小村庄严重受损，许多房屋倒塌 2020-03-22 T05:24:03 45.907°N 15.970°E 10 5.3 克罗地亚 1人死亡，26人受伤，本次地震是克罗地亚19世纪80年代以来最大的地震，超过26000栋建筑物受损，其中一些倒塌 2020-05-07 T20:18:22 35.742°N 52.051°E 10 4.6 伊朗 2人死亡，38人受伤，地震产生轻微破坏 2020-05-18 T13:48:03 27.266°N 103.288°E 10 5.1 中国云南 4人死亡，28人受伤，一些建筑物受损，一间房屋倒塌 2020-06-07 T05:27:22 9.547°S 78.676°W 57 4.5 秘鲁 1人死亡，地震引发部分市民恐慌 2020-06-14 T14:24:29 39.423°N 40.707°E 10 5.9 土耳其 1人死亡，35人受伤，震中附近许多村庄受损，一座军事瞭望塔倒塌 2020-06-23 T15:29:04 15.886°N 96.008°W 20 7.4 墨西哥 10人死亡，23人受伤，瓦哈卡州各式建筑倒塌，墨西哥城受到破坏 2020-07-17 T02:50:22 7.836°S 147.770°E 73 7.0 巴布亚
新几内亚1人死亡，1人受伤，十几间房屋受损，部分房屋倒塌，并发布了海啸预警 2020-08-18 T00:03:48 12.026°N 124.127°E 10 6.6 新加坡 2人死亡，超过170人受伤，地震导致学校、道路、桥梁受损，建筑简陋的房屋倒塌，21栋房屋完全损毁 2020-10-27 T19:43:52 2.232°S 119.079°E 22 5.4 印度尼西亚 1人死亡，各类房屋倒塌或受损 2020-10-30 T11:51:27 37.897°N 26.784°E 21 7.0 希腊 119人死亡，1053人受伤，希腊和土耳其两国遭受重击，地震在伊兹密尔省造成大面积破坏，许多建筑物倒塌，希腊群岛和土耳其均观测到海啸 2020-12-29 T11:19:54 45.425°N 16.257°E 10 6.4 克罗地亚 7人死亡，25人受伤，超过2000栋建筑物遭到毁坏，地震震感强烈，并造成停电、交通瘫痪和地面开裂 
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