Research progress of mantle plume
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摘要: 地幔柱假设自提出以来，在学术界争议很大，对于其是否存在还没有统一答案。本文对地幔柱的起源做了详细阐述，将质疑者的观点和地幔柱假设自身存在的问题进行罗列，对地幔柱存在的证据进行汇总。从地球化学及岩石学方面对大陆溢流玄武岩和大洋岛玄武岩的分布进行研究，了解地幔柱在地表的形态；从大地构造学角度分析地幔柱如何使超大陆不断合并、分裂；从地球物理学方面以夏威夷地幔柱、非洲超级地幔柱、海南地幔柱等典型区域阐述地幔柱研究的最新成果及地幔柱存在的证据。最后，讨论了地幔柱的发展趋势。Abstract: Since the mantle plume hypothesis was proposed, it has been controversial in academia, and there is no unified answer to its existence. In this paper, the origin of the mantle plume is elaborated in detail. The views of the doubters and the existing problems of the mantle plume hypothesis are listed, and the evidence of the existence of the mantle plume is summarized. The distribution of continental overflow basalts and oceanic island basalts is studied from the aspects of geochemistry and petrology to understand the morphology of mantle plume on the surface. From the perspective of geotectonics, this paper analyzes how the mantle plume makes the supercontinent merge and split continuously. From the aspect of geophysics, the latest achievements of mantle plume research and the evidence of the existence of mantle plume are described in terms of typical regions such as Hawaiian mantle plume, African super mantle plume and Hainan mantle plume. Finally, the development trend of mantle plumes is discussed.
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Key words:
- mantle plume hypothesis /
- origin /
- problem /
- evidence /
- plate tectonics
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图 2 数值实验所得地幔柱对岩石圈的作用图（改自François[19]）
（a） 位于洋陆过渡带的地幔柱引起地幔下冲；（b） 地幔柱向较厚的岩石圈移动，使地幔从地幔柱头部两端下冲
Figure 2. Numerical experiments of plume-lithosphere interaction at passive continental margins （modified from François[19]）
（a） A mantle plume emplaced at the transition zone between oceanic and continental lithosphere triggers mantle downthrusting on the extremities of the plume；（b） A mantle plume initially shifted toward the thick continental lithosphere produces intra-continental mantle downthrusting at both ends of the flattened plume head
表 1 大陆溢流玄武岩和大洋岛玄武岩成因
Table 1. Origin of continental overflow basalts and oceanic island basalts
岩石名称 熔点 分布位置 成因 大陆溢流玄武岩 高 地幔柱核部、大火成岩省内带 地幔柱轴部熔融形成 大洋岛玄武岩 低 大火成岩省外带 地幔柱边缘熔融形成 
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