The composition, development and application of crustal deformation observation system in earthquake monitoring and prediction
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摘要: 简要介绍地震地形变观测系统的组成及地形变观测技术的发展，指出不同观测技术的时空特点，光纤和长基线应变仪等新技术的优点以及不同地形变观测技术进行联合观测的可行性和方法优势。通过对日本岐阜县安装的1500 m臂长应变仪与GNSS地球观测网（GEONET）中的连续观测站获取的应变进行比对的实例分析，得出从连续观测站获取的水平应变去趋势后与应变仪得到的连续应变结果基本一致，地震会引起应变异常，应变仪对环境因素的影响更敏感。实际工作中应注意发展优势观测技术，进行观测技术和研究方法的融合、提高监测密度，增强时空分辨率，提升地震前兆特征识别能力，更好地为科学防震减灾服务。Abstract: By presenting the composition of the crustal deformation observation system and the development of the observation techniques, we show the space-time characteristics of the different observation techniques, the advantage of the application of the optical fiber and long-baseline strainmeter and the integrated technique. It was found that the strain recorded by the 1500 m laser strainmeter constructed at Gifu Prefecture, Japan are nearly consistent with the calculated values based on the continuous GNSS stations of the GEONET (GPS Earth Observation Network). Some earthquakes can cause abnormal strains. The strainmeter is more sensitive to the environments. In practical work, we should develop the advanced techniques, use various observation techniques and research method and increase the monitoring density. It will improve the spatial and temporal resolution and promote the identification ability of the earthquake precursory characteristics and better serve scientific mitigating the disasters.
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图 1 用于计算应变的CGPS观测站分布（GEONET）
Figure 1. Distribution of the CGPS stations of GEONET for the strain calculations
图 2 应变时间序列及变化趋势
图中红线表示地震发生时刻，绿线表示计算框架改变（IGS08-IGS14）时间，与图3和图4相同
Figure 2. Trend and time series of the strain
red line，the moment of the earthquakes，green line，change of framework（IGS08-IGS14），the same as fig.3 and fig.4
图 3 应变仪与连续GNSS观测获取的应变比较
Figure 3. The stain recorded by strainmeter and residual strain of continuous GNSS after detrending
图 4 J970、J251和J279观测站水平位移分量时间序列
Figure 4. Time series of daily horizontal positions at J970，J251 and J279
表 1 地形变监测系统组成与地震预报
Table 1. Composition of crustal deformation observation system and earthquake prediction
对象 系统类别 观测技术 应用（地震预报） 地
形
变
监
测
系
统中国大陆地
壳形变监测GNSS（包括VLBI、SLR）
大面积水准
中国大陆重力网区域地壳
形变监测GNSS
区域水准
区域流动重力断层形变
监测系统场地观测 GNSS/长水准剖面
重力剖面
短水准、短基线定点台站 蠕变仪
短水准、短基线固体潮汐形
变监测系统地倾斜（洞体倾斜和钻孔倾斜）
地应变（洞体应变和钻孔应变）
重力
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