The core technology of earthquake emergency management and practice for major engineering
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摘要: 我国经济快速发展和城市化进程加快，核电站、大型水坝等重大基础设施不断涌现，高速公路、轨道交通、长输管线、城市管网等生命线工程日趋密集、复杂，一旦遭遇强烈地震，可能产生极为严重的次生灾害和难以估量的间接经济损失。本文介绍了国家重点研发项目“重大工程地震紧急处置技术研发与示范应用”的主要进展。目前已提出面向点、线状重大工程的地震动输入方法，以及基于复杂地形数值模拟的面状地震动输入。给出了新一代基于性态的工程结构地震易损性分析方法。开展了城市轨道交通高架桥车—轨—桥耦合地震反应，小区燃气调压站房、管线、阀门和土相耦合的地震反应分析及核电站结构与设备地震耦合作用研究。建立了重大工程紧急处置专用的震级、震中距、紧急处置范围估算公式，研究了基于P波段双参数阈值的现地地震警报预测方法，建立了地震动参数的风险概率模型。对重大工程地震紧急处置信息发布技术系统进行了顶层设计，对地震预警信息发布终端的协议进行了解析，搭建了地震预警信息接收技术系统。研制了行业定制化的地震紧急处置接收与报警装置、电梯开关装置、燃气切断阀门。地震破坏场景虚拟演示内融合地震信息、风险评估信息、地理信息系统，有力地推进城市重大工程地震紧急处置平台的建设。研发的城市轨道交通地震预警紧急处置系统开始在国家铁道试验中心城轨试验线开展示范；多参数核电站地震仪表系统开始在红沿河核电站开展示范；城镇燃气地震信息监测控制系统在北京平谷区峪口镇开展示范。Abstract: With the booming economics in China, more major engineering projects are emerging, such as nuclear power plant, mega-dam, and the more complex lifeline network, such as highway, urban rail transit, energy pipeline, urban network, is also growing. All those would face the issue of great secondary disaster and indirect loss if the major engineering was stricken by the great earthquake. In this paper, the project “The core technology of earthquake emergency management and practice for major engineering” , a national key research and development project, is introduced. Although this project is still undergoing, some progress has been made. The strong motion input method for point-site, line-site have been developed, and for the area-site and complex topographical site have been simulated by numerical method. The fragility analysis method have been given based on the new generation of performance-based design idea. The complex seismic dynamic analysis is performed for the urban rail transit considering train-rail-bridge coupling effect, for the gas line considering house-pump-line-valve-soil coupling effect, for the nuclear power plant considering the structure-equipment coupling effect. The specific equation for earthquake emergency management is established considering the magnitude, distance and emergency measurement. Double-parameters triggered values are suggested based on the P-wave phase which is available for probabilistic risk model. The framework for publishing information system is designed and terminal protocol is proposed for the earthquake early warning information receiving system. The equipment of alarm terminal, elevator switch, gas cut-off valve are developed. The virtual reality （VR） earthquake simulation platform has the ability of merging earthquake, risk and GIS which is the core of the platform of earthquake emergency management. Now the urban rail transit system, multi-parameter nuclear instrument system and gas monitor system have been tested on the National Railway Test Center, the Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant and the Pinggu Distract in Beijing.
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图 2 点状重大工程地震的条件均值谱输入方法
Figure 2. Conditional mean spectrum input for point site-specific infrastructure
图 3 复杂地形地质构造环境的地震动场数值模拟
Figure 3. Complex topographical /geological strong motion simulation
图 5 重大工程复杂系统地震耦合作用分析（核电，城轨，燃气）
Figure 5. Coupling effects of complex infrastructure（nuclear power，urban rail，gas）
图 7 重大工程紧急处置信息的应用策略框图
Figure 7. Application strategy for earthquake emergency measurement
图 8 重大工程地震紧急处置信息发布技术系统研发框图
Figure 8. Publishing the information of earthquake emergency measurement
图 11 城市轨道交通地震紧急处置系统总体架构图
Figure 11. Outline for earthquake emergency measurement of urban rail transit
图 12 城市轨道交通地震紧急处置中心监测业务终端界面
Figure 12. Interace of earthquake emergency measurement center for urban rail transit
图 13 城镇燃气紧急处置地震信息软硬件系统设计
Figure 13. Hardware & software design for earthquake emergency measurement
图 14 用户侧智能化地震紧急处置系统设计
Figure 14. Design for user-side AI earthquake emergency measurement
图 16 重大工程地震灾害紧急处置平台整体架构
Figure 16. Platform of earthquake emergency measurement for multi-infrastructure
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