Project plan and research progress on key technologies of seismic zoning in sea areas
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摘要: 中国位处环太平洋地震带与地中海-喜马拉雅地震带之间，陆域和海域地区的地质构造活动均非常强。随着沿海经济的持续、快速发展，特别是“21世纪海上丝绸之路”战略构想的提出，滨海、近海及海洋工程的抗震设防成为地震科学领域的热点研究方向。因此，迫切需要开展海域地震区划为工程抗震设防提供依据。国家重点研发计划项目“海域地震区划关键技术研究”以海域地震区划的基本原则、科学问题及关键技术为研究目标，提出海域地震区划图的编制原则，形成区划方法与技术系统，并通过典型海域地震区划的示范应用，为中国海域地震区划图编制提供技术支撑。经过两年的项目研究，编制完成了中国东部和南部海域活动构造框架图和3个典型海域（位于黄海、台湾海峡、南海内）地震构造简图，获得了中国海域及邻区俯冲带地震构造模型；建立了中国海域及邻区的统一地震目录，给出了中国近海大陆架地震带的地震活动性方案和参数；统计分析了海域与陆域场地上地震动以及内陆与俯冲带的不同震源类型地震的地震动特性差异，提出了基于地震动观测记录和地震模拟数据的地震动衰减模型构建方案；建立了中国海域及邻区海底地形及海床场地模型，给出了初步的海域场地地震动调整方法；分别开展了海上风力发电、桥梁及海底管道等海域工程及珊瑚岛礁的地震反应模拟分析，初步给出了海洋工程结构和岛礁对不同的地震动参数的敏感性特征；提出了典型示范区的地震区带及潜在震源区方案，形成了海域地震区划的原则与方法，完成了海域地震区划技术系统架构的设计。Abstract: China is located between the circum-Pacific seismic belt and the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic belt, the tectonic activity in both the land and sea areas is very strong. With the continuous and rapid development of coastal economy, especially the strategic conception of “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” proposed, the seismic fortification of coastal, offshore and marine engineering has become an issue of concern in the field of earthquake science. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out seismic zoning in sea areas to provide the basis for seismic fortification. The project of the “Research on key technologies of seismic zoning in sea areas” supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1500400), takes the basic principles, scientific issues and key technologies of seismic zoning in sea areas as its research objectives, puts forward the principles for the compilation of China seismic zoning map in sea areas, forms zoning methods and technical system, and then provides technical support for the compilation of seismic zoning map of China in sea areas through the demonstration and application of seismic zoning in typical sea areas. After two years of project research, the active tectonic framework maps of the eastern and southern seas of China and seismic tectonic maps of three typical sea areas (located in the Yellow Sea, Taiwan Strait and South China Sea) were compiled, and seismic models of subduction zones in China sea and adjacent areas were obtained; A unified seismic catalogue of China sea and adjacent areas was established, and the seismicity scheme and parameters of offshore seismic zones of the continental shelf of China were given; The differences of strong motion characteristics in land sites and seabed sites and from inland earthquakes and subduction earthquakes are statistically analyzed, and a scheme for the establishment of seismic ground motion attenuation model was proposed based on observation records and seismic simulation results of ground motion; Models of seabed topographies and seabed sites in China sea and adjacent areas were established, and a preliminary seismic ground motion adjustment method for the effect of sea site was given; The seismic response analyses for the structures of the marine engineerings, such as offshore wind powers, bridges and submarine pipelines, and the coral islands were carried out respectively, and the sensitivity of the seismic response of marine engineering structures and coral islands to different seismic ground motion parameters were given; the division scheme of seismic belts and potential source zones in the typical demonstration areas were proposed, and the principle and method of seismic zoning in sea areas were formed, and design of the technical framework of seismic zoning in sea areas was completed.
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图 5 中国海域及邻区活动构造框架图
Figure 5. Active tectonic framework in China sea and adjacent areas
图 6 3个典型海域地震构造简图（1:100万）
Figure 6. Schematic seismotectonic maps in 3 typical sea areas
图 7 中国海域及邻区潜在震源区图
Figure 7. Map of potential seismic source zone in China sea and adjacent areas
图 8 中国海域及邻区地震震中分布
Figure 8. Distribution of earthquake epicenters in China sea and adjacent areas
图 9 地震震源类型、震级与震中距分布
Figure 9. Distribution of earthquake source type，magnitude and epicenter distance
图 10 地震动PGA、PGV、PGD和CAV随震级与震中距分布
Figure 10. Distribution of PGA，PGV，PGD and CAV with earthquake magnitude and epicenter distance
图 11 地震动加速度反应谱随震级与震中距变化
Figure 11. Variation of spectral accelerations of strong motions with earthquake magnitude and epicenter distance
图 12 地震动记录与相关衰减模型的对比
Figure 12. Comparison of strong motion records and related attenuation model
图 13 海底观测台站的Kappa(0)和m拟合
Figure 13. Fitting values of Kappa(0) and m for the sites of ocean bottom stations
图 14 中国海及邻区海底地形（1′×1′）
Figure 14. Seabed topography in China sea and adjacent areas（1′×1′）
图 15 中国海及邻区岩石圈有效弹性厚度
Figure 15. Effective elastic thickness of lithosphere in China sea and adjacent areas
图 16 海域台站25902与邻近陆域台站记录的HVSR比较
Figure 16. Comparison of HVSR of records from offshore station and related onshore station
图 17 海上风电工程结构-基础模型
Figure 17. Structure-foundation system model of offshore wind power engineering
图 21 地震动峰值加速度分布（50年超越概率10%）
Figure 21. PGA distribution of ground motion（10% probability of exceedance in 50 years）
表 1 大陆架场地地震动峰值加速度调整系数
Table 1. Site coefficients of peak ground motion to continental shelf sites
峰值加速度 沉积物沉积年代及厚度/m Q4 Q3 H≤30 30<H≤50 50<H≤100 H>100 ≤0.05 g 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.30 0.10 g 1.1 1.0 0.95 0.85 1.25 0.15 g 1.0 0.95 0.90 0.80 1.20 0.20 g 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 1.15 0.30 g 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.80 1.10 ≥0.40 g 0.85 0.80 0.80 0.80 1.00 
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