集集地震近断层速度脉冲分析

罗全波; 陈学良; 高孟潭; 李宗超; 李铁飞

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4975.2019.10.002

集集地震近断层速度脉冲分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4975.2019.10.002

中国地震局地球物理研究所，北京 100081

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2017YFC1500205）、国家自然科学基金（51978633，51678537， 51278470）和研究所基金（DQJB19B06）共同资助。

详细信息

通讯作者:
陈学良，e-mail：xueliang_chen@aliyun.com

中图分类号: P315.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-06-11
- 修回日期: 2018-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Analysis of near-fault velocity pulses in the Chi-Chi earthquake

Institute of Geophysics，China Earthquake Administration，Beijing 100081，China

摘要

摘要: 初步分析了近断层速度脉冲的成因和特点，主要包括方向性效应、滑冲效应和上盘效应，并通过集集地震中27个近断层强震台的脉冲记录分析了断层破裂方向和滑移大小对地面运动峰值速度的影响。采用最小二乘法对速度脉冲的分布范围进行了回归分析，大于50 cm/s的速度脉冲主要聚集在断层距为10 km的近断层区域。对不同区域的三分量平均速度反应谱进行统计分析，表明近断层脉冲型地震动具有较大的特征周期和谱值，其中在垂直于断层走向的水平分量上尤为显著，这与断层剪切位错辐射效应的特征基本相符。针对脉冲型地震造成近断层地质灾害频发的现象，由共振效应分析了速度脉冲对边坡岩体的影响。近断层速度脉冲的研究可能对防震减灾、地震预警、震害评估有一定的参考意义。
- 近断层速度脉冲 /
- 方向性效应 /
- 滑冲效应 /
- 上盘效应 /
- 峰值速度 /
- 速度反应谱
Abstract: This paper preliminary analyzed the causes and characteristics of the near-fault velocity pulse, including the directivity effect, fling-step effect, and hanging wall effect. The influence of fault rupture direction and slip size on the peak ground velocity was analyzed using the pulse records of 27 near-fault stations in the Chi-Chi earthquake. The distribution of velocity pulses was analyzed with least squares method. The velocity pulses larger than 50 cm/s were mainly concentrated in the near-fault region with a fault distance of 10 km. The statistical analysis of the three-component average velocity response spectrum in different regions shows that the near-fault pulse-like ground motion has a large characteristic period and spectral value, especially the horizontal component perpendicular to the fault strike. This is basically consistent with the characteristics of the radiation effect of the shear dislocation. In view of the phenomenon that near-fault geological disasters were frequently caused by the pulse-like earthquake, we analyzed the resonance effect of velocity pulse on the slope rock masses. This study of near-fault velocity pulse may provide some significant references for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, earthquake early warning and seismic damage assessment.
- near-fault velocity pulse /
- directivity effect /
- fling-step effect /
- hanging wall effect /
- peak ground velocity /
- velocity response spectrum

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图 1 集集地震地表破裂迹线（实线）和近断层区域记录到速度脉冲的27个强震台（三角形）

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图 2 移动辐射源的方向性效应^[13]

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图 3 三分量地震图在台站TCU052和TCU068记录的加速度、速度和位移时程曲线

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图 4 近断层PGV由南到北的变化

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图 5 集集地震观测到的峰值速度随断层距的分布

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图 6 集集地震三分量峰值速度等值线图（从左到右分别为EW，NS和UD分量）

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图 7 脉冲峰值速度随震级和断层距的变化

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图 8 近断层区域三分量平均速度反应谱（上图：27个近断层台站；中图：以TCU065和TCU087为分界，其中TCU065南部7个台站，TCU065—TCU087和TCU087北部的台站数分别为14和6；下图：以断层距5 km和15 km为界，其中5 km范围内8个台站，5—15 km和15—30 km之间的台站数分别为12和7）

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表 1 27个近断层脉冲记录台站的资料

台站序号	台站代码	纬度/（°N）	经度/（°E）	PGV-NS/cm·s^–1	PGV-EW/cm·s^–1	PGV-UD/cm·s^–1	断层距/km
1	TCU029	24.558 8	120.749 2	51.7	37.1	20.8	28.1
2	TCU036	24.448 7	120.696 0	47.0	57.8	21.7	19.8
3	TCU038	24.491 2	120.663 0	38.7	56.6	32.2	25.4
4	TCU040	24.449 7	120.645 5	47.0	57.1	17.9	22.1
5	TCU042	24.554 2	120.807 7	36.9	36.9	19.5	26.3
6	TCU046	24.468 3	120.854 3	26.0	28.1	33.0	16.7
7	TCU049	24.178 8	120.690 0	59.3	57.1	27.3	3.8
8	TCU052	24.197 7	120.739 0	220.7	183.2	168.7	0.7
9	TCU053	24.193 5	120.668 8	43.5	43.1	32.4	6.0
10	TCU054	24.161 2	120.675 0	46.5	46.0	32.4	5.3
11	TCU056	24.158 8	120.623 8	40.0	40.4	40.8	10.5
12	TCU060	24.224 7	120.644 0	43.9	36.8	28.1	8.5
13	TCU065	24.058 7	120.691 0	90.0	132.4	68.6	0.6
14	TCU068	24.270 0	120.765 0	292.2	280.5	228.6	0.3
15	TCU072	24.040 6	120.849 0	69.2	87.2	40.0	7.1
16	TCU075	23.982 8	120.678 0	37.2	116.2	50.0	0.9
17	TCU076	23.907 9	120.676 0	63.0	69.3	32.3	2.8
18	TCU082	24.147 5	120.676 0	43.2	51.5	35.0	5.2
19	TCU087	24.348 0	120.773 0	45.3	42.6	58.3	7.0
20	TCU101	24.242 0	120.709 2	50.1	73.6	45.1	2.1
21	TCU102	24.249 0	120.720 0	71.9	87.3	71.2	1.5
22	TCU103	24.309 0	120.707 0	22.6	68.7	60.8	6.1
23	TCU104	24.245 6	120.601 0	48.5	31.0	24.3	12.9
24	TCU136	24.260 3	120.651 8	52.9	43.9	33.4	8.3
25	CHY006	23.581 5	120.552 0	42.7	60.0	22.1	9.8
26	CHY024	23.757 1	120.606 0	42.8	52.1	47.1	19.7
27	CHY035	23.520 0	120.584 0	30.8	43.6	18.0	12.7

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表 2 脉冲型地震的主要参数

地震名称	发震日期年-月-日	M_W	记录条数
San Fernando	1971-02-09	6.6	1
Imperial valley	1979-10-15	6.5	15
Whittier Narrows-01	1987-10-01	6.0	2
Loma Prieta	1989-10-18	6.9	2
Landers	1992-06-28	7.3	2
Northridge	1994-01-17	6.7	11
Kobe，Japan	1995-01-16	6.9	2
Kocaeli，Turkey	1999-08-17	7.5	1

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