大洋中脊和地幔柱之间的长期相互作用

Whittaker  J  M; Afonso  J  C; Masterton  S; Müller  R  D; Wessel  P; Williams  S  E; Seton  M; 孙嘉祥; 李霓

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4975.2018.09.002

大洋中脊和地幔柱之间的长期相互作用

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4975.2018.09.002

6.
中国地震局地质研究所，北京 100029

详细信息

通讯作者:
Whittaker J M，e-mail: jo.whittaker@utas.edu.au

中图分类号: P315
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-12-04
- 修回日期: 2018-01-20
- 刊出日期: 2018-09-01

Long-term interaction between mid-ocean ridges and mantle plumes

摘要

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图 1 全球数据集

（a）彩线代表复原的大洋中脊位置，紫色区域代表热点（圆圈）周围的大火成岩省，LLSVP表示利用SMEAN层析成像模型显示距核-幔边界92 km之处的景象^[21]。黑框圈出的区域代表计算出的洋中脊沿流线迁移的地方。CATL：中大西洋，EPAC：东太平洋，NATL：北大西洋，NWIR：西北印度洋脊，SEIR：东南印度洋脊，sSATL：南大西洋南部，SWIR：西南印度洋脊；（b）估算的带到洋脊的上地幔VEM；（c）100—175 km深处的GyPSumP波波速^[22]（原图为彩图）

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图 2 区域性的洋中脊时空迁移模式以及VEM与洋中脊玄武岩地球化学和地震速度的比较

（a）0—100 Ma洋中脊迁移距离总量；（b）洋中脊迁移速率/扩张速率；（c）—（e）从距离最近的深源地幔柱^[19]到1 000 km之外的洋中脊部分估算的全球地幔抽取量（VEM）和主量元素地球化学CaO/Al₂O₃（c）、NaO₈（d）和FeO₈（e）的对比^[26]。黑色线代表最小二乘法回归分析；（f）估算的全球地幔抽取量（VEM）与S波（黑色）和P波（红色）速度异常（100—175 km）（原图为彩图）

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图 3 洋中脊处深源地幔柱和浅部地幔上涌过程示意图

（a）深源地幔柱和洋中脊相互作用示意图。黑色圆圈以及内部红色部分代表地幔柱通道。红线代表洋中脊，彩线代表洋中脊在10 Ma时间段的迁移。方框代表将要发生在图（b）和（c）中过程的区域；（b）在迁移速率为0的静态洋中脊处，模拟的上地幔温度结构；（c）洋中脊迁移时，模拟的上地幔温度结构。v_SR：扩张速率，v_r：洋中脊速率。在（b）、（c）中带箭头的黑线指示地幔流，红色虚线表示等温线(原图为彩图)

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