Abstract: After the Second World War， the United States of America and the Soviet Union launched a nuclear arms race frantically in order to compete for hegemony in the world， while marveling at the great destructive power of the nuclear weapons. They conducted hundreds of nuclear tests from 1951 to 1963， bringing great threat to world peace. This paper reviewed the history， gathered lots relevant information and pictures， described several important nuclear tests before the United States and the Soviet Union reached the “Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty”. We vividly reappeared the mushroom cloud from nuclear explosion，illuminated the tremendous power of nuclear explosion and its havoc to the environment in order to warned that we should remenber that history. People should improve the ability of Nuclear Test Ban Monitoring，keep away from the nuclear war，thus creating a peaceful and stable homeland without nuclear for mankind.