Abstract: On January 7, 2025, an earthquake with a magnitude of Ms6.8 struck Dingri County, Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, damaging 27, 248 houses and collapsing 3, 612 houses. The seismic records of station XZ.D0007 in the north-south direction (XZ.D0007-NS) were selected and the time-frequency response spectrum analysis was carried out. For the typical masonry structure houses in the disaster area, the two-story equivalent frame model was established, the structural damage curve was calculated, and the damage of the earthquake to the masonry structure was analyzed by combining the contour diagram of the time-frequency response spectrum of XZ.D0007-NS. The results show that the time-frequency response spectrum recorded of XZ.D0007-NS generally has an independent peak, and the peak area of the time-frequency response spectrum is not large, and its destructive force on reinforced concrete structures will not be large. The XZ.D0007-NS seismic wave records excellent high-frequency composition, and for masonry houses, as long as they enter the peak area of the time-frequency response spectrum, serious damage will occur quickly. For traditional houses in Tibetan areas that do not have earthquake-resistant structural measures, it will cause devastating damage. Earthquake activity in Tibet is frequent, and in-depth research on the seismic mechanism, disaster characteristics and emergency response of this earthquake is of great significance for improving the earthquake monitoring and forecasting, disaster prevention and emergency rescue capabilities in the region.