Abstract: The Yuan 'an Graben, which is rich in shale gas, is located at the junction of the Jianghan Basin and the Huangling Block. The information of its deep structure is of great significance for the analysis of basin-mountain interaction and sedimentary response of shale gas. In this paper, the thickness and Vp/Vs of sedimentary and bedrock layers beneath seven temporary seismic stations in the Yuan 'an graben are obtained using the multi-layer H-κ stacking approach of receiver function. The results show that the average thickness and Vp/Vs of the sedimentary layer in Yuan 'an graben are 3.68 km and 1.98, respectively. The average thickness and Vp/Vs of bedrock layer are 31.51 km and 1.7, respectively. The average crustal thickness is 35.19 km, and the average Vp/Vs is 1.73. These observations support that the Yuan 'an graben has experienced thinning of lower crust under long-term basin-mountain interaction, but the crust as a whole still maintains typical cratonic crust. The thickness of the sedimentary layer in the Xiakou-Yuan 'an anticline zone on the west side of the Yuan 'an Graben is 2.55 km, which is thinner than the thickness of 4.14 km of the sedimentary layer in the Xunjian-Xiqian syncline zone enriching in shale gas on the east side. However, the average Vp/Vs of its sedimentary layer is 2.17, which is higher than 1.93 on the east side. Above results show that the tectonic environment of long-term preservation of shale gas in the anticline belt may be destroyed during the uplift and denudation process, and the Vp/Vs of the sedimentary layer with enriching shale gas is not necessarily higher than that in the surrounding with shortage of shale gas.