Abstract: Most of the earthquakes recorded during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties were in the West Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu border area, where mountain collapses were very common. Modern science has classified the phenomenon of mountain collapse into four main forms: rockfall, rock avalanche, landslide and debris flow, of which rock avalanche and landslide caused by earthquakes are the most dangerous. Specifically, we introduced the disasters of Wenchuan, Jianjiang, Diexi and Moxi earthquakes, especially the mechanism of Wangjiayan landslide, and focused on the occurrence of three major secondary disasters: landslide, river diversion and dam-break of barrier lake. It is pointed out that the site conditions of thrusting and repeated rupture on the Tibetan Plateau were the key reasons of the disaster.