Abstract: As the only precious written records in the world, the Bamboo Book of Chronicles and other historical literatures recorded earthquakes and climate change before Dayu established the Xia Dynasty. Archaeological studies have confirmed the authenticity of two earthquakes occurred in 21^th BC and 17^th BC, and also revealed the significant impact of the northern hemisphere’s “Little Ice Age” on global ecological civilization. This paper introduces the characteristics of seismic activity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and their impacts on the outburst of Yellow River. The study of the authenticity of Dayu’s water control is deepening, with more emphasis being placed on the causes of earthquakes. Taking into account the significant discovery of an ancient bronze artifacts, Suigong Xu, the author explore the possible mechanisms of Dayu ruling water in terms of seismic weirs and pre-Taihangshan ruptures. Some of the advances in seismic archaeology in recent years are described briefly.