地震重力观测技术的新发展方向：绝对重力与重力梯度一体化观测

吴琼; 许健生

doi:10.19987/j.dzkxjz.2022-066

地震重力观测技术的新发展方向：绝对重力与重力梯度一体化观测

doi: 10.19987/j.dzkxjz.2022-066

吴琼,
许健生^,

中国地震局地球物理研究所，北京 100081

基金项目: 国家重点研发专项（2018YFC1503801）资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
吴琼（1980-），男，研究员，主要从事地球物理仪器研发工作。E-mail：wuqiong@cea-igp.ac.cn

通讯作者:
许健生（1954-），男，研究员，主要从事地震观测和震相分析工作。E-mail：13552812316@163.com

中图分类号: P312.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-22
- 录用日期: 2022-06-06
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-04

The new development direction of seismic gravity observation technology: Integrated measuring of absolute gravity and vertical gravity gradient

Wu Qiong,
Xu Jiansheng^,

Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要:
高精度绝对重力与重力梯度一体化和阵列式观测可有效提高不同深度重力场源体的识别精度。本文基于中国地震局发布的《中国地球物理站网（重力）规划（2020—2030）》中绝对重力观测技术的不足和发展方向，提出了绝对重力与重力梯度一体化的观测技术思路。在监测中发现，强震孕育过程中壳—幔热物质运移引起的微重力变化信号，有利于提升破坏性地震的中、短期和临震预测能力。有必要进一步拓展重力站网绝对重力控制能力等方面的应用，为我国专业地震台站探索重力观测技术新发展方向。
- 绝对重力测量 /
- 重力梯度测量 /
- 微重力探测
Abstract:
The integrated and array observation of the high-precision absolute gravity and gravity gradient can effectively improve the identification accuracy of gravity field sources at different depths. Based on the shortcomings and development direction of absolute gravity observation technology in the “China Geophysical Station Network (Gravity) Planning (2020—2030)” issued by the China Earthquake Administration, this paper proposes the observation technology idea of the integration of absolute gravity and gravity gradient. By monitoring and discovering the microgravity change signals caused by the transport of shell-mantle hot materials during the incubation of strong earthquakes, the ability to predict medium-term, short-term and near-earthquakes of destructive earthquakes is improved. The application of absolute gravity control capabilities of gravity station networks is further expanded to explore new development directions of gravity observation technology for professional seismic stations in China.
- absolute gravimetry /
- gravity gradient measurement /
- microgravity detection

HTML全文

图 1 汶川M_S8.0地震前周至台深井水位仪（a）和姑咱台相对重力仪记录（b）^[17-18]

Figure 1. Recordings from water-level meter in Zhouzhi station (a) and relative gravimeter in Guza station (b) before the Wenchuan earthquake^[17-18]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 Talaya台站（上部曲线，1992-10—2014-10，最大变化25 μGal）与Irkutsk台站（下部曲线，1995-10—2006-10，±2 μGal）的绝对重力测量结果变化^[23]

Figure 2. Changes of the absolute gravity measurements at Talaya (Upper curve, 1992-10—2014-10, up to maximum 25 μGal changes) and Irkutsk (Lower curve, 1995-10—2006-10, ±2 μGal changes) observatory^[23]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 连续绝对重力测量监测神火火山的孕育和喷发^[24]

Figure 3. Absolute gravity at the Kirisima Volcano Observatory as a function of Universal Time during the vulcanian eruption stage of Shinmoe-dake volcano in 2011^[24]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 单位质量重力异常。单台重力仪测量（a）、两台重力仪水平间距10 m和80 m （b）测量重力场源敏感性模拟计算^[32]

Figure 4. Gravity change per unit mass. The simulation of source sensitivity of gravity field by a single gravimeter (a) and two gravimeters separated horizontally by 10 m and 80 m (b)^[32]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 单位质量重力异常。垂直向不同高度的梯度测量重力场源敏感性模拟计算^[38]

Figure 5. Gravity change per unit mass. The simulation of source sensitivity of gravity field by gradient measurement at different heights in vertical direction^[38]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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