多种震级及其巧妙之处

刘瑞丰

doi:10.19987/j.dzkxjz.2022-020

多种震级及其巧妙之处

doi: 10.19987/j.dzkxjz.2022-020

刘瑞丰^,

中国地震局地球物理研究所，北京 100081

基金项目: 中国地震局地球物理研究所基本科研业务费专项（DQJB22B18）与国际合作项目“中韩台网管理、运维与数据分析”共同资助。

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘瑞丰（1962-），男，研究员，主要从事数字地震资料解释、地震矩张量反演等方面的研究工作。E-mail：liurf@seis.ac.cn

中图分类号: P315.3⁺2
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- HTML全文浏览量: 101
- PDF下载量: 123
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-28
- 修回日期: 2022-02-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-07

Multiple magnitudes and their cleverness

Liu Ruifeng^,

Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 震级是对地震大小的量度。在地震活动性分析等实际的工作中，人们通常认为 “一个地震只有一个震级” 。很多人会有这样的疑惑：为何使用多种震级？震级为何不能统一？在地震监测工作中，为何震级之间不能相互转换？为何同一地震的不同震级会有差别？多种震级该如何使用？本文讲述了震级的测定原理、震级的巧妙之处，并对上述等11个问题进行讨论，以便于科研人员和管理人员在实际工作中，准确地测定震级，正确地使用震级。
- 震级 /
- 地方性震级 /
- 面波震级 /
- 体波震级 /
- 矩震级 /
- 能量震级
Abstract: Magnitude is a measure of the size of an earthquake. In practical work such as seismic activity analysis, people usually think that an earthquake has only one magnitude. Many people will have such doubts: why use multiple magnitudes? Why magnitude can’t be unified? In earthquake monitoring, why magnitudes can’t be converted to each other? Why are different magnitudes of the same earthquake different? How to use multiple magnitudes? This paper describes the principle of magnitude determination and the cleverness of magnitude, and discusses the above 11 problems so that scientific researchers and managers can correctly determine and use magnitude in practical work.
- magnitude /
- local magnitude /
- surface wave magnitude /
- body wave magnitude /
- moment magnitude /
- energy magnitude

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图 1 P波和S波的几何扩散衰减和介质非弹性衰减

Figure 1. Geometric diffusion attenuation and medium inelastic attenuation of P wave and S wave

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图 2 地震类型与常用的3种震级

Figure 2. Earthquake types and three commonly used magnitudes

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图 3 震级标度体系与震级之间的传承关系

Figure 3. Magnitude scale system and inheritance relationship between magnitudes

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图 4 USGS对外发布的震级

Figure 4. Magnitude released by USGS

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图 5 USGS的震级优选及震级类型

Figure 5. Magnitude optimization and magnitude type by USGS

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表 1 我国地震台网测定传统震级的基本参数

Table 1. The basic parameters for measuring traditional magnitudes by China’s seismic network

震级名称	使用仪器	使用震相	震中距	周期范围 /s	优势周期 /s	饱和震级
M_L	短周期	S	＜1000 km	0.1—3.0	1.0	7.0
m_b	短周期	P	5°—100°	0.5—2.0	1.0	6.5
m_B	中长周期	P、PP、S	5°—170°	0.5—15.0	5.0	8.0
M_S	长周期	面波	2°—130°	3.0—25.0	20.0	8.5
M_S(BB)	宽频带	面波	2°—160°	3.0—60.0		8.8
m_B(BB)	宽频带	P	5°—100°	0.2—30.0		8.3

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