Research and application of off-line earthquake disaster rapid assessment and emergency mapping system
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摘要:
地震灾害损失快速评估与制图在震后应急中发挥着极其重要的作用。本文以京津冀地区为例，实现一种新颖、实用的快速评估与制图技术，其基于离线数据与自主研发的软件模块即可完成地震灾害损失快速评估与专业制图表达。关键技术与方法包括：①京津冀地区基础地理数据与重要涉震数据的融合处理，基于细节层次模型（LOD）的地图显示原理，制作多级预缓存离线地图数据；②基于先进的分区分类评估模型与计算方法，生成京津冀地区不同烈度下地震灾害损失预评估结果的公里网格数据；③针对大量的离线地图数据与损失预评估公里网格数据，基于地理空间分区实现高效的离线存储管理机制；④基于面向对象编程和图形图像处理技术，实现地震灾害损失快速评估与专业制图表达一体化软件集成开发。本研究实现了全链条关键技术，不依赖任何第三方商业软件或服务插件，1分钟内即可自动完成快速评估报告与系列专题图件的生成。研究结果在多次地震应急中取得应用实效，对于提高地震应急处置能力有重要意义。
Abstract:Rapid loss assessment and emergency mapping play an extremely important role in post-earthquake emergency work. Taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example, this research studied and implemented a novel and practical rapid assessment and mapping technology. Based on off-line data and self-developed software modules, the rapid loss assessment and professional mapping representation could be easily realized. Firstly, the basic geographic data and important earthquake-related data of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were updated and processed, and the multi-level pre-cached off-line map data was produced based on the principle of LOD (Level of Details) model. Secondly, based on advanced sub-area classification evaluation model and calculation method, the kilometer grid data of earthquake disaster losses under different intensities were generated. Subsequently, an efficient off-line storage management mechanism based on geographical partitions was implemented, for large amounts of off-line map data and pre-assessed loss kilometer grid data. Finally, based on object-oriented programming and graphic image processing technology, the integrated application software for rapid loss assessment and professional mapping representation was designed, developed and implemented. This research has realized the key technologies of the whole chain, and does not rely on any third-party commercial software or service plug-ins. The rapid assessment reports and series of maps can be automatically generated within one minute. The research results have achieved novel practical effectiveness in multiple earthquake events. This research is of great significance for improving the ability of earthquake emergency response.
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Key words:
- earthquake emergency /
- rapid assessment /
- emergency mapping /
- off-line technology
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图 1 离线式地震灾害评估与应急制图技术体系示意图
Figure 1. Diagram of off-line earthquake disaster assessment and emergency mapping technology system
图 2 离线式地震灾害评估与应急制图技术原理示意图
Figure 2. Diagram of off-line earthquake disaster assessment and emergency mapping technical principle
表 1 2019—2021年北京启动应急地震事件列表
Table 1. Earthquake events affecting Beijing from 2019 to 2021
序号 日期 震中位置 震级 1 2019-04-07 北京海淀区 2.9 2 2019-04-14 北京怀柔区 3.0 3 2019-12-05 河北唐山市丰南区 4.5 4 2019-12-10 北京昌平区 2.0 5 2019-12-23 天津蓟州区 3.3 6 2020-01-09 北京房山区 3.2 7 2020-02-01 北京昌平区 1.7 8 2020-03-05 北京昌平区 2.1 9 2020-03-29 北京顺义区 1.7 10 2020-04-01 北京顺义区 1.8 11 2020-04-09 北京顺义区 1.3 12 2020-04-13 河北沧州市任丘市 3.2 13 2020-05-26 北京门头沟区 3.6 14 2020-07-12 河北唐山市古冶区 5.1 15 2021-03-25 北京顺义区 2.3 16 2021-04-16 河北唐山市滦州市 4.3 17 2021-06-12 河北张家口市张北县 3.2 18 2021-06-17 河北承德市双桥区 3.0 19 2021-06-22 河北张家口市张北县 3.9 20 2021-06-24 河北唐山市滦州市 3.0 
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