Main methods and site selection principles of paleo-earthquake research on bedrock fault surfaces
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摘要: 随着断层面形貌测量、宇宙成因核素测年、地球化学元素测定和光释光等一系列新兴技术的突破，基岩断层面在古地震研究方面的特征优势被不断发掘，日益成为国际古地震研究的热点与前沿。国内外学者从不同专业角度开展了大量的基岩断层面古地震研究，取得了一系列丰硕成果。本文在系统介绍基岩断层面古地震研究的进展、梳理归纳各类研究方法特点的基础上，论述了现阶段基岩断层面在研究对象的选择上存在的问题，提出了今后宜重点加强工作的若干建议，并对基岩断层面古地震研究发展前景进行了展望。Abstract: With the breakthrough of a series of techniques such as measurement of fault morphology, dating of cosmogenic nuclides, measurement of geochemical elements and the optically stimulated luminescence, the dominant characteristics of bedrock faults in paleo-earthquake research have been constantly explored and it has increasingly become international hotspots and frontiers of paleo-earthquake research. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out a large number of paleo-earthquake studies on bedrock faults from different professional perspectives, and have achieved a series of fruitful results. This paper systematically introduces the current situation, summarizes main research methods of paleo-earthquake study on bedrock fault surfaces, points out some problems existing in selecting a suitable study site. Finally, some aspects that need to be strengthened in the future are proposed, and prospects of paleo-earthquake research on bedrock faults are given.
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Key words:
- bedrock fault surface /
- paleo-earthquake study /
- main methods /
- site selection principle
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图 2 基岩断层面古地震研究方法的模型示意图
（a） 基岩断层面在地震事件下分段出露模型 （据何宏林等[15]）；（b） 形貌测量分析法 （据邹俊杰等[10]）；（c）宇宙成因核素暴露测年方法 （据Benedetti等[8]）；（d）光释光衰退深度判别法 （据罗明[16]）；（e）施密特锤回弹值测量法 （据Tye等[17]）；（f）地球化学元素法 （据Manighetti等[18]）
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of study methods about paleo-earthquake identification on bedrock fault scarp
（a） Exposure model of bedrock fault surface due to period earthquake events （Modified from He et al. [15]）； （b） Morphology measurement and analysis method （Modified from Zou et al.[10]）；（c）Cosmogenic nuclide dating thod （Modified from Benedetti et al.[8]）；（d） Optical luminescence decay depth measurement method （Modified from Luo[16]）；（e） Schmidt hammer rebound value measurement method （Modified from Tye et al.[17]）； （f） Geochemical element analysis method （Modified from Manighetti et al.[18]）
图 3 基岩断层坎的3种出露和保存情况
（a） 埋藏型；（b） 完整型；（c） 破坏型
Figure 3. Three types of exhumation and preservation of bedrock fault surfaces
（a） Buried type；（b） Intact type；（c） Destructive type
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