城市应急避难场所建设与管理现状与问题分析

李海君; 张耀文; 杨月巧; 刘京会

doi:10.19987/j.dzkxjz.2021-066

城市应急避难场所建设与管理现状与问题分析

doi: 10.19987/j.dzkxjz.2021-066

防灾科技学院，河北燕郊 065201

基金项目: 防灾科技学院教学研究与改革项目（JY2021A05），中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目（ZY20215144），防灾科技学院“金课”建设项目（JK202038）和河北省社会科学基金项目（HB18GL004）联合资助。

详细信息

通讯作者:
李海君（1986-），男，副教授，主要从事环境地质灾害风险评价与防灾规划研究。E-mail：lhjun777@163.com

中图分类号: TU984.11⁺6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-31
- 修回日期: 2021-11-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-27

Analysis on the current situation and problems of construction and management of emergency shelter in cities of China

Institute of Disaster Prevention, Hebei Yanjiao 065201, China

摘要

摘要: 避难场所规范化建设管理可有效提升地方应急管理能力与城市韧性。基于中国城市避难场所空间分布统计数据集，采用实证分析、GIS综合叠置与非参数统计分析等方法，对避难场所规划建设与管理工作中存在的问题进行归纳总结与成因分析，并结合新形势要求与国内外实践经验给出发展提升对策。结果表明：我国避难场所建设管理工作存在“重政策，轻效能” 、 “重专项，轻统筹” 、 “重体量，轻标准” 、 “重硬件，轻软件” 、 “重建设，轻管理”等问题。经与灾害背景与承灾体统计数据对比，可根据“统筹工作组织体制” 、 “规范规划建设机制” 、 “创新运营管理模式” 、 “完善法制条例体系”方面分析关键成因并提出提升对策。本研究对有序推进避难场所规范化建设管理工作，落实自然灾害防治体系与防治能力现代化建设具有重要现实意义。
- 应急避难场所 /
- 规范化建设 /
- 管理运营 /
- 问题分析 /
- 提升对策
Abstract: The standardization construction and management of shelters could improve emergency management capacity and urban resilience of corresponding region. In this paper, the spatial distribution data sets of emergency shelters were constructed and the causes of problems in the planning, construction and management of shelters were summarized, through multiple analysis, empirical analysis and non-parametric statistical analysis multiple analysis. According to the requirements of the new situation and practical experience at home and abroad, development and improvement strategies were put forward. The results showed the significant problem of overemphasizing the policy implementation, quantity index realization and special-type and physical facilities construction, while overlooking operational effectiveness, overall planning, standardized construction, propaganda and management. Based on the disaster conditions and statistical disaster bearing bodies data, the cause and countermeasure analysis were performed for the aspects of comprehensive organization system, standardized construction mechanism, innovative management mode and faultless laws and regulations system. The results have great significance to promote the standardized shelter construction and management process, as well as the modernization of prevention system and alleviation and control ability for natural disaster.
- emergency shelter /
- standardized construction /
- management and operation /
- problem analysis /
- improvement countermeasures

HTML全文

图 1 避难场所空间分布图

Figure 1. The spatial distribution of emergency shelters

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同地区典型城市避难场所信息公示情况

Figure 2. The information of completed shelters in different regions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 避难场所分布与影响因素叠置对比图

Figure 3. The overlay comparison of spatial distribution and influence factors

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 避难场所分布与影响因素秩相关分析结果

Table 1. Results of rank correlation analysis between the distribution of shelters and influencing factors

区域	地级以上城市个数	场所个数同灾害风险背景条件间相关系数			场所个数同承灾体统计指标间相关系数
区域	地级以上城市个数	地震动峰值加速度g	历史地震次数/次	洪涝灾害风险等级（−）	人口 /万人	GDP /万元	财政预算收入/万元	财政预算支出/万元	学校数量统计/所
全国	346	0.013	0.006	−0.018	0.430^△	0.627^△	0.627^△	0.590^△	0.239^△
东部	101	0.157^*	0.242^△	0.108^*	0.596^△	0.840^△	0.854^△	0.841^△	0.326^△
中部	143	0.149^*	0.089	−0.052	0.231^△	0.337^△	0.336^△	0.324^△	0.117^*
西部	102	0.008	0.074	−0.192	0.506^△	0.696^△	0.661^△	0.563^△	0.315^*
注：“^△”显著性水平Sig.（双尾）＜0.01；“^*”显著性水平Sig.（双尾）＜0.05

下载: 导出CSV

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