Investigation on the current situation of popular science knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation among elementary and middle school students in Xiong’an New Area
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摘要: 为了解雄安新区防震减灾科普教育在中小学校园内开展情况及学生对防震减灾知识的认知和需求，课题组2020年年底在雄安新区3县选取部分中小学开展问卷调查。调查表明，雄安新区中小学生对防震减灾知识关注度较高且参加意愿较强，对地震应急避险知识认知水平较高，在地震预警常识、地震谣言辨别方面处于中等偏上水平，但震后救援、自救互救认知水平较低。开展地震科普知识讲座，发放书籍、宣传册等传统宣传模式仍是防震减灾知识传播的主要途径。随着抖音、微信、微博等网络新媒体的发展，该类宣传形式拓宽了科普宣传渠道，同时深受学生群体喜爱。本次调查为今后在雄安新区中小学开展防震减灾科普宣传工作提供了一定参考依据。Abstract: In order to understand the implementation situation of science popularization education on earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation in the Xiong’an New Area within elementary and secondary school campuses, and students’ cognition and requirements on the knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation, the research group selected portion of elementary and secondary schools in three counties of the Xiong’an New Area to carry out questionnaire investigation at the end of 2020. The survey has indicated that elementary and middle school students in the Xiong’an New Area pay a relatively high attention to the knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation and have a strong intention of getting involved. They have a high cognitive level of knowledge about earthquake emergency hedge, and they are at the upper-middle level in the aspects of general knowledge of earthquake early warning and earthquake rumor discrimination. And yet their cognition level of post-earthquake relief, self rescue and mutual aid is low. The conventional propaganda models, such as launching lectures on earthquake scientific knowledge propagation and distributing books and brochures, are still the main way to propagate the knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation. With the development of network media such as Tik Tok, WeChat and MicroBlog, this sort of propaganda form has widened the channels for science propaganda and is popular among students. This survey provides a certain reference for launching popular science propaganda of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation in elementary and middle schools in Xiong’an New Area in the future.
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图 1 学生日常对防震减灾知识的关注
Figure 1. Students’ day-to-day concern on the knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation
图 2 学生参加防震减灾科普知识培训的意愿
Figure 2. Students’ intention to get involved in training of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation scientific knowledge propagation
图 3 学生对学校开展防震减灾教育的看法
Figure 3. Students’ points of view on earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation education in schools
图 4 当居住在楼房中发生地震时，应如何避震
Figure 4. How should they avoid the earthquake when dwelling in buildings during an earthquake?
图 5 当在学校上课遇到地震时，下列避震措施错误的是
Figure 5. Which shock-proof measures are not accurate during an earthquake at school?
图 7 震后，地震救援的黄金时间段
Figure 7. What is the golden time for earthquake rescue after an earthquake?
图 9 假如地震不幸被埋，不应该采取的措施
Figure 9. What measures should not be adopted, if people are buried unfortunately during an earthquake?
图 10 地震时遇到燃气泄漏，应如何躲避
Figure 10. How should people avoid gas leakage during an earthquake?
图 11 以下关于地震预警的说法，正确的是
Figure 11. Which of the following statements are correct about earthquake early warning?
图 12 当你面对地震谣言时你可能会怎么做
Figure 12. What would you probably do when you face earthquake rumors?
图 13 你觉得目前接触过的防震减灾科普作品的内容怎么样
Figure 13. From your perspective, what do you think of the current content of popular science works on earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation?
表 1 你认为下面哪些说法是地震谣言
Table 1. Which of the following statements, in your opinion, are earthquake rumors?
计数 占比 地震谣言辨别 近期天气太异常了，一定会发生地震 193 78.5% 地震部门的亲戚说某个具体时间将发生地震 101 41.1% 某些国内地震专家已经预报了我国要发生地震 48 19.5% 某省级人民政府发布的地震预报 31 12.6% 
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表 2 你平时是通过什么渠道来获得防震减灾知识的
Table 2. Through which channels do you usually acquire knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation?
计数 占比 防震减灾知识获取渠道 科普知识讲座 148 60.2% 电影、动画、电视 62 25.2% 书籍、宣传册 71 28.9% 展板、宣传挂图 35 14.2% 参观科普馆 47 19.1% 知识竞赛活动 35 14.2% 互联网或微信、微博、抖音等新媒体 82 33.3%
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表 3 你希望通过以下哪种形式来获取防震减灾科普宣传知识
Table 3. Which kinds of the following forms do you hope to acquire the knowledge of popular science propaganda of earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation?
计数 占比 喜欢的防震减灾科普
知识宣传形式科普知识讲座 78 31.7% 电影、动画、电视 71 28.9% 书籍、宣传册 59 24.0% 展板、宣传挂图 77 31.3% 参加科普馆 41 16.7% 知识竞赛活动 43 17.5% 互联网或微信、微博、抖音等新媒体 73 29.7%
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表 4 你对哪些方面的地震科普知识感兴趣
Table 4. Which aspects of earthquake scientific knowledge propagation are you interested in?
计数 占比 喜欢的防震减灾
科普知识地震预报、预警知识 87 35.4% 地震避险和自救呼救知识 172 69.9% 地震前兆的前因分析 65 26.4% 建筑物抗震设防 64 26.0% 地震名词术语等 38 15.4% 成功避险，保护生命的实例 113 45.9%
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