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ISSN 2096-7780 CN 10-1665/P

我国地震标准化现状与对策研究

Research on the current status and countermeasures of seismic standardization in China

  • 摘要: 地震标准是防震减灾治理体系和治理能力的重要技术基础。针对现有研究对高质量发展背景下地震标准化最新态势缺乏系统量化分析的现状,以截至2026年7月底的286项现行地震标准为研究对象,采用统计分析与比较研究方法,从层级结构、时间演化、业务领域3个维度系统分析了我国地震标准的建设现状与分布特征,阐述了国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、团体标准4个层级的定位与作用,梳理了基础通用、监测预报、震害防御、应急(救援)4大领域的标准建设成效。在此基础上,剖析了当前地震标准化工作仍然存在标准层级与领域分布不均衡、顶层总体系表更新滞后、新兴领域标准供给不足、标准实施效能不高、标准化人才支撑薄弱、国际化水平有待提升等问题。针对上述问题,从完善标准体系顶层设计、优化标准结构、强化标准实施、加强人才培养、提升国际化水平等方面提出对策建议,以期为新时代地震标准化事业发展提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Seismic standards constitute an important technical foundation for the governance system and capacity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Addressing the lack of systematic quantitative analysis in existing research on the latest landscape of seismic standardization against the backdrop of high-quality development, this study takes 286 effective seismic standards as of the end of July 2026 as its research object. Employing statistical analysis and comparative research methods, it systematically examines the current status and distribution characteristics of China’s seismic standard across three dimensions: hierarchical structure, temporal evolution, and technical domains. The paper elaborates the positioning and roles of four hierarchical levels: national standards, industry standards, local standards, and group standards, and reviews the achievements in standard development across four major domains: basic and general standards, monitoring and forecasting, seismic hazard prevention, and emergency (rescue). Building on this analysis, it identifies the persistent challenges in current seismic standardization, including imbalanced distribution across standard levels and domains, lagging updates to the top-level master system framework, insufficient supply of standards in emerging fields, low effectiveness of standard implementation, weak support from standardization professionals, and the need for further improvement in internationalization. In response, the paper proposes countermeasures and recommendations concerning improving the top-level design of the standard system, optimizing the standard structure, strengthening standard implementation, enhancing talent cultivation, and elevating the level of internationalization, with a view to providing a reference for the development of seismic standardization in the new era.

     

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